Determination of snow water equivalent over the eastern part of Turkey using passive microwave data     

A. Unal Sorman  Ozgur Beser 《水文研究》2013,27(14):1945-1958

Information on regional snow water equivalent (SWE) is required for the management of water generated from snowmelt. Modeling of SWE in the mountainous regions of eastern Turkey, one of the major headwaters of Euphrates–Tigris basin, has significant importance in forecasting snowmelt discharge, especially for optimum water usage. An assimilation process to produce daily SWE maps is developed based on Helsinki University of Technology (HUT) model and AMSR‐E passive microwave data. The characteristics of the HUT emission model are analyzed in depth and discussed with respect to the extinction coefficient function. A new extinction coefficient function for the HUT model is proposed to suit models for snow over mountainous areas. Performance of the modified model is checked against the original, other modified cases and ground truth data covering the 2003–2007 winter periods. A new approach to calculate grain size and density is integrated inside the developed data assimilation process. An extensive validation was successfully performed by means of snow data measured at ground stations during the 2008–2010 winter periods. The root mean square error of the data set for snow depth and SWE between January and March of the 2008–2010 periods compared with the respective AMSR‐E footprints indicated that errors for estimated snow depth and predicted SWE values were 16.92 cm and 40.91 mm, respectively, for the 3‐year period. Validation results were less satisfactory for SWE less than 75.0 mm and greater than 150.0 mm. An underestimation for SWE greater than 150 mm could not be resolved owing to the microwave signal saturation that is observed for dense snowpack. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Hydrologic impact of regional climate change for the snowfed and glacierfed river basins in the Republic of Tajikistan: hydrological response of flow to climate change     

S. Kure  S. Jang  N. Ohara  M. L. Kavvas  Z. Q. Chen 《水文研究》2013,27(26):4057-4070

The warming of the Earth's atmosphere system is likely to change temperature and precipitation, which may affect the climate, hydrology and water resources at the river basins over the world. The importance of temperature change becomes even greater in snow or glacier dominated basins where it controls the snowmelt processes during the late‐winter, spring and summer months. In this study hydrologic responses of streamflow in the Pyanj and Vaksh River basins to climate change are analysed with a watershed hydrology model, based on the downscaled atmospheric data as input, in order to assess the regional climate change impact for the snowfed and glacierfed river basins in the Republic of Tajikistan. As a result of this analysis, it was found that the annual mean river discharge is increasing in the future at snow and glacier dominated areas due to the air temperature increase and the consequent increase in snow/ice melt rates until about 2060. Then the annual mean flow discharge starts to decrease from about 2080 onward because the small glaciers start to disappear in the glacier areas. It was also found that there is a gradual change in the hydrologic flow regime throughout a year, with the high flows occuring earlier in the hydrologic year, due to the warmer climate in the future. Furthermore, significant increases in annual maximum daily flows, including the 100‐year return period flows, at the Pyanj and Vaksh River basins toward the end of the 21st century can be inferred from flood frequency analysis results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Measuring snow ablation rates in alpine terrain with a mobile multioffset ground‐penetrating radar system          下载免费PDF全文

Nena Griessinger  Franziska Mohr  Tobias Jonas 《水文研究》2018,32(21):3272-3282

Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) has become a promising technique in the field of snow hydrological research. It is commonly used to measure snow depth, density, and water equivalent over large distances or along gridded snow courses. Having built and tested a mobile lightweight set‐up, we demonstrate that GPR is capable of accurately measuring snow ablation rates in complex alpine terrain. Our set‐up was optimized for efficient measurements and consisted of a multioffset radar with four pairs of antennas mounted to a plastic sled, which was small enough to permit safe and convenient operations. Repeated measurements at intervals of 2 to 7 days were taken during the 2014/2015 winter season along 10 profiles of 50 to 200 m length within two valleys located in the eastern Swiss Alps. Resulting GPR‐based data of snow depth, density, and water equivalent, as well as their respective change over time, were in good agreement with concurrent manual measurements, in particular if accurate alignment between repeated overpasses could be achieved. Corresponding root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) values amounted to 4.2 cm for snow depth, 17 mm for snow water equivalent, and 22 kg/m³ for snow density, with similar RMSE values for corresponding differential data. With this performance, the presented radar set‐up has the potential to provide exciting new and extensive datasets to validate snowmelt models or to complement lidar‐based snow surveys.  相似文献   

基于多源数据的城市建设用地扩张时空特征分析——以佛山市顺德区为例     

符彦  王剑辉  张亚 《测绘通报》2019,(8):111-115

随着我国城市化进程的加快，城市建设用地规模进一步增加，同时带来交通拥堵、环境污染、绿地减少、城市热岛等城市问题。本文综合利用2015年地理国情普查数据、2011和2013年遥感数据，通过建立城市扩张强度指数，运用统计分析、空间聚类等方法，确定了顺德区建设用地在过去4年间年均增长率为1.8%，其中新城区的年均增长率超过14%；此外还发现主城区的扩展模式主要为填充式扩展，其中大良街道和勒流街道主要为工业园区的扩展，伦教街道主要为中央公园的扩展，容桂街道主要为物流园的扩展。  相似文献   

A new approach of dynamic monitoring of 5‐day snow cover extent and snow depth based on MODIS and AMSR‐E data from Northern Xinjiang region     

Hui Yu  Xuetong Zhang  Tiangang Liang  Hongjie Xie  Xianwei Wang  Qisheng Feng  Quangong Chen 《水文研究》2012,26(20):3052-3061

Taking the Northern Xinjiang region as an example, we develop a snow depth model by using the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer‐Earth Observing System (AMSR‐E) horizontal and vertical polarization brightness temperature difference data of 18 and 36 GHz bands and in situ snow depth measurements from 20 climatic stations during the snow seasons November–March) of 2002–2005. This article proposes a method to produce new 5‐day snow cover and snow depth images, using Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily snow cover products and AMSR‐E snow water equivalent and daily brightness temperature products. The results indicate that (1) the brightness temperature difference (Tb_18h–Tb_36h) provides the most accurate and precise prediction of snow depth; (2) the snow, land and overall classification accuracies of the new images are separately 89.2%, 77.7% and 87.2% and are much better than those of AMSR‐E or MODIS products (in all weather conditions) alone; (3) the snow classification accuracy increases as snow depth increases; and (4) snow accuracies for different land cover types vary as 88%, 92.3%, 79.7% and 80.1% for cropland, grassland, shrub, and urban and built‐up, respectively. We conclude that the new 5‐day snow cover–snow depth images can provide both accurate cloud‐free snow cover extent and the snow depth dynamics, which would lay a scientific basis for water management and prevention of snow‐related disasters in this dry and cold pastoral area. After validations of the algorithms over other regions with different snow and climate conditions, this method would also be used for monitoring snow cover and snow depth elsewhere in the world. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

GF-4卫星不同成像状态下影像定位误差特性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩杰  谢勇  李慧娜  苗宝亮  石宏斌 《测绘通报》2019,(8):59-62,67

高分四号（GF-4）卫星作为我国高分对地观测系统中一颗高分辨率面阵成像的静止轨道卫星，其在不同成像状态下的影像几何定位精度一直是科研人员和应用部门所关注的。本文以谷歌地球数据为几何参考，通过对比GF-4卫星影像和谷歌地球影像上同名点位置信息，分析了GF-4卫星在凝视、俯仰、滚动成像状态下的影像定位特性。结果表明，单幅影像内部均出现了明显的系统误差，凝视成像过程中同一点位的影像定位误差波动较小，俯仰/滚动姿态影像定位误差与俯仰角/滚动角成正比关系。该结论可为地面数据处理部门和用户在数据校正和应用时提供参考。  相似文献   

系缆式剖面测量平台运动性能分析     

李永军  董涛 《海洋技术学报》2008,27(1):11-13

文章简单介绍了系缆式剖面测量平台的结构构成,围绕剖面测量平台升降运动的工作原理,着重对平台的一些固有的基本特性所产生的影响进行了分析,供有关人员参考交流。  相似文献   

Retrieval Snow Depth by Artificial Neural Network Methodology from Integrated AMSR-E and In-situ Data —— A Case Study in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau     

CAO Yungang  ;YANG Xiuchun  ;ZHU Xiaohua 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2008,18(4):356-360

On the basis of artificial neural network （ANN） model, this paper presents an algorithm for inversing snow depth with use of AMSR-E （Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System （EOS）） dataset, i.e., brightness temperature at 18.7 and 36.5GHz in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the snow season of 2002-2003. In order to overcome the overfitting problem in ANN modeling, this methodology adopts a Bayesian regularization approach. The experiments are performed to compare the results obtained from the ANN-based algorithm with those obtained from other existing algorithms, i.e., Chang algorithm, spectral polarization difference （SPD） algorithm, and temperature gradient （TG） algorithm. The experimental results show that the presented algorithm has the highest accuracy in estimating snow depth. In addition, the effects of the noises in datasets on model fitting can be decreased due to adopting the Bayesian regularization approach.  相似文献   

图像端元全自动提取方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

齐建成  朱述龙  朱宝山  赵泳  李二森 《海洋测绘》2009,29(2):16-19

传统端元提取算法一般需要人工指定端元数目，易导致多选或漏选端元。提出了一种端元全自动提取方法，通过研究分类结果的均方根误差、端元间光谱相关性与端元数目的关系，设置两种循环结束条件，当分类结果的均方根误差最小或端元间恰未出现强相关现象时，获得最佳端元数。实验表明，该方法是正确有效的，能够克服现有方法的不足，提高了端元提取自动化程度。  相似文献   

Hemispheric-scale climate response to Northern Eurasia land surface characteristics and snow anomalies   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Gavin Gong  Judah Cohen  Dara Entekhabi  Yan Ge   《Global and Planetary Change》2007,56(3-4):359

This paper presents a synopsis of recently published studies by the co-authors, which show that several land surface characteristics unique to Northern Eurasia are responsible for facilitating a causal relationship between autumn snow anomalies in this region and subsequent hemispheric winter climate patterns. The large size and extratropical location of the contiguous Eurasian land mass results in broad, continental-scale interannual snow cover extent and depth variations throughout autumn and winter, and corresponding diabatic heating anomalies. These surface anomalies occur in the presence of a large region of stationary wave activity, produced in part by the orographic barriers that separate northern/central Eurasia from southern/eastern Eurasia. This co-location of snow-forced anomalies and ambient wave energy is unique to Northern Eurasia, and initiates a teleconnection pathway involving stationary wave–mean flow interaction throughout the troposphere and stratosphere, ultimately resulting in a modulation of the winter Arctic Oscillation (AO). Complementary new results are also presented which show that partial snow cover extent or snow depth only anomalies in Northern Eurasia are insufficient to initiate the teleconnection pathway and produce a winter AO signal. This synopsis provides a useful interpretation of the earlier studies in the specific context of Northern Eurasia regional climate and environmental change.  相似文献